Determination of Watershed Classification and Probability Testing in the Development of ArcGIS-Based Hyetograph Design at Jatiluhur Reservoir
Keywords:
Arc-GIS, Watershed, Precipitation, Thiessen Polygon, Jatiluhur ReservoirAbstract
Jatiluhur Reservoir is one of the multipurpose reservoirs in West Java, used for hydroelectric power generation (PLTA), drinking water supply (PDAM) and industry, irrigation, fisheries, tourism, and flood control. This study aims to classify the watershed and test the probability of developing a design hyetograph integrated with ArcGIS in the Jatiluhur Reservoir area. Watershed characteristics were calculated using ArcGIS 10.8 software, using the Thiessen Polygon method. This method divides the DAS area into various polygon shapes based on the position of the nearest rain station, so that the area affected by each station can be calculated accurately. Daily rainfall data from 2015 to 2024 was processed into maximum annual rainfall. The rainfall was calculated based on the area weighted by the Thiessen polygon. Based on the calculation results, the total watershed area reached 37,115.65 km², consisting of the Bogor City area with an area of 10,641.29 km², Majalengka Regency with an area of 12,125.02 km², and Bandung City with an area of approximately 14,349.34 km². With this area, the study area is classified as a Large Watershed and requires a design rainfall duration of 72 hours. Next, the data was analyzed using several types of probability distributions, namely Normal, Log Normal, Gumbel, Pearson III, and Log Pearson III. The suitability of each distribution was checked using the Chi-Square and Smirnov–Kolmogorov tests with a 5% confidence level. The most suitable distribution was selected to compile planned rainfall with various return periods. The results were then converted into a design hyetograph using the duration-intensity-frequency approach. The combination of ArcGIS spatial analysis and probability statistical methods provided accurate estimates of rainfall patterns, thereby assisting in providing early warnings and managing dam safety at the Jatiluhur Reservoir.
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